The Impact Of Information Architecture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1316 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? In recent years, as the technology is changing to our society, people are more relying on Internet to find out the solutions for their everyday needs. As some instances, online shopping, learning, processing transactions, watching movies and making easy communications are usual activities today for most of the modern people. In between, there is no doubt about that government related issues are important for the residents or locals and foreigners of the country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact Of Information Architecture" essay for you Create order There is no way to avoid those transactions if the person is visiting or living in a country and those transactions are also time consuming if try to process manually, for the reasons of travel time, waiting time and other unexpected matters (forgetting of important document and etc). So, governments try to provide the most of the transactions to be able to process via online partly for some of the transactions and some completely. But, there are some difficulties for the expect and the persons who are not familiar with internet so, it is really important to be user friendly and having simple layout in order to be able to use easily by both novice and expert user. In this paper, the studies regarding Information Architecture and Design required to consider when we are to going to develop a user-friendly and good-quality website. I chose the Immigration Checkpoints Authority (ICA) e-government website à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ww.ica.gov.sgà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and made justification the site according to my studies regarding information architecture and design concepts especially usability views. Literature Review There are many different views on information architecture with many different areas. Information architecture is the practice of structuring information (knowledge or data) which are structured according to their context in user interaction or larger databases. Rosenfeld expresses the basic concept of IA as the interlinking of three major components: users (who they are, what their information-seeking behaviors and needs are), content (metadata, volume, formats, structure, and organization), and context (business value, business model, culture, politics, resources and resource constraints). Most of the website are developed emphasize on the userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s requirements and goal. It is essential to consider the information architecture concepts in most of the website in order to let the user with usefulness, usability, efficiency and effectiveness when using the site. While designing the portal site, the first things to think about the target user and user groups and should consider what the user needs, what kind of task are user perform. Moreover, the mental/cognitive aspects should think such as attention (structuring information, use of alert mechanisms and colors,), memory (short-term memory, iconic memory, long-term memory), and the behavioral aspects such as information needs should be well thought-out to match with the usability concepts for the portal website. Furthermore, the interaction design are need to consider in order to let the site is attractive and well-designed especially navigation, search system. Case studies based on ICA website The Immigration Checkpoints Authority (ICA), e-government site, provides many services and functions including issuing of travel documents and identity cards to Singapore citizens and issuing various immigration passes and permits to foreigners. In this site, e-appointment, registration the IC online, applying the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pass for the foreign student via electronically and more services can be performed via this site. Figure-1 ICA website 1. Focus user group This ICA website targets different user groups such as citizens, permanent residents and visitors of the country (Singapore) and information are placed under the different user groups. 2. User Mental/ Cognitive Aspects 2.1 Perception and Attention In this site, the developer uses the alert mechanisms to grab reader attention for example; there is a flash image in the middle centre of the home page to be attractive to user. As information is presented with ample spaces, and text is legible and distinguishable from the background, so the website can be perceived easier by user. (According to the type of users, patterns are used with consistent text size and different colors to attract the userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s focus). 2.2 Memory Iconic memory In this portal, the images and icons are used in terms of improvement of iconic memory. Short term memory (working memory) mental processing Information is well categorized to support the user short-term memory. So, the user can emphasize on relevant information and do not need to confuse with non-related information. Long term memory knowledge The design supports the long term memory by the recognition of user with using consistent menus, navigation. 3. Interaction design 3.1 Navigation The navigation system is consistent and the global navigation system, persistent navigation, is provided in the whole transaction process. In figure-2, it helps the user navigate the site to find the areas of interest to them and shows users where they are within the site and how to get other page. Furthermore, local navigation uses the within a specific site section, for example,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? visitors service, entry visa, visit pass, studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pass and birth passà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This portal support, breadcrumbs, horizontal list of labels which shows current site location and the path the user go through within this site, and helps user where on website they are and enable user to go back previous page throughout the hierarchical navigation. Breadcrumbs Contextual Navigation Local NavigationFigure-2 3.2 Search Figure -3 This site provides the powerful search feature for the user to find the information which is more desired information of the users. In figure-3, there is search box to find the information and also provide advanced search with the drop down list lets the user chooses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“within this siteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“within all government siteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Choosing the latter option will help the user to be able to search among all of the Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government websites such as Ministry of Health and Ministry of Manpower. 3.3 Categorization In ICA site, there are different categorization for user group and the information and services are categorized for each user group. As an example, a permanent resident can find the related information and services under the category of Permanent Residents. 4. Suggestion for improving site Although the ICA website is nice and user-friendly, still there are some features and technologies to comment perfect. I believe the transactions will be more easier if the website support the user account control feature because a user will only need to fill in their personal information for very first time only and will be stored in the database and later the information will be retrieved when the user login and that data will be able to use for the transactions need. Getting updated is really important in the Information Technology. In addition, very latest technologies will not only help the web-site to be looked well but also provides the new and convenient features such as auto-complete function and real-time announcements. Moreover, the network navigation links which are useful other government siteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s links that may be related to this site should be support in this site. The features described above are not the vital features. However, it is really better to have those features than doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have. I believe that implementing those will make the web-site become more and more perfect. Conclusion In conclusion, the government related issues are essential for every country and the government and people turn into use the e-government website for processing their transaction vial online. In between, those websites should have usability and usefulness for both expect and novice user (e.g. ICA website). So, it should be aware to consider the information architecture in designing and developing the website. According to my literature review, I studied a case, ICA website, in the point of usability concepts especially users, the interaction design between user and the system. According to my studies, user can get more satisfaction when using this ICA website than going physically to ICA building and process the transactions manually. I realize that the website will be more usability, effectiveness and efficiency by focusing on my suggestion base on information architecture issues.

Freedom Is For The Braves - 873 Words

Freedom is for the Braves Being an American means more than just a section filled out on a person’s birth certificate. Being an American is an honor and is something to be proud of. Here, everyone has a choice in what religion to believe in, what to eat, and what to do. People even have the right to choose who should be this great nation s leader. Here, people are given opportunities in every corner, and this freedom was achieved because thousands of men and women were willing to give their lives, in one way or another, in order for us to live the way we do today. An American takes the democratic government presented as an opportunity to help the United States strive for an even greater future; an American also gives back to the nation, serves in any way they possibly can, and an American acknowledges the history behind the success of this nation. A person cannot say that they are a true American if they don t know the history of the nation. The past is what has provided the present and has changed th e future. The history of this nation is so rich. Our flag has so much more meaning to it. Each shape and color has some kind of significant symbol. The stripes on the flag symbolize the thirteen colonies and the stars represent the fifty states. There are so many stories behind every square foot of land this country has to offer. People do not realize it, but America has gone through so much to become the nation it is today. A true American is excited to learnShow MoreRelatedFreedom Is For The Braves872 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is For the Braves Being an American means more than just a section filled out on a person’s birth certificate. Being an American is an honor and is something to be proud of. Here, everyone has a choice in what religion to believe in, what to eat, and what to do. People even have the right to choose who should be this great nation s leader. Here, people are given opportunities in every corner, and this freedom was achieved because thousands of men and women were willing to give their livesRead MoreBrave New World and Individual Freedom785 Words   |  4 Pagesto individual freedom? â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability.† -- The motto that shapes and defines the entire civilized world. Civilians like Lenina believe that the motto has given them their individual freedom. â€Å"I am free. Free to have the most wonderful time. Everybodys happy nowadays.† (Page 79) Ironically, Huxley was trying to convey the exact opposite message. The motto really speaks of a heavy price paid -- freedom in exchange for collective happiness. Freedom to feel, freedom of identity,Read MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World Freedom1236 Words   |  5 Pages If given the choice to live a life of either freedom or oppression, most would choose freedom. However, in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New world freedom is an option none of his characters possess. 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Typically, reading Brave New World elicits theRead MoreEssay on Imagine a Brave New World1255 Words   |  6 Pages Imagine a Brave New World  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Imagine living in a world without mothers and fathers, a place in which all those around you are human clones with no personality, a vast array of people that are not seen as individuals but a social body. This society results from the absence of spirituality and family, the obsession with physical pleasure, and the misuse of technology. 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A Study on the Effects and Treatment Free Essays

Alcohol related mishaps and accidents remain the largest concern of society and in response to this more and more sectors of society have been implementing rules to curb the negative effects of teenage drinking.   There is no doubt that society has seen the negative consequences of teenage drinking. In a national probability sample of 4,023 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17, it was found that 15% of the sample used alcohol, 10% used marijuana, and 2% reported hard drug use in the past year (Farrell, 2006, p 284)). We will write a custom essay sample on A Study on the Effects and Treatment or any similar topic only for you Order Now    This means that the problem of underage or teenage drinking is even more prevalent than other substances. Although some alcohol consumption among adolescents is considered normative, there is great concern for the number of teens who are exhibiting signs of alcohol abuse or dependence with 7% of the above sample meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol, marijuana, or hard drug abuse or dependence. Trends in alcohol use reported in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey indicate that binge drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion during the 30 days prior to the survey) has shown little variation over the past several years, ranging from 31.3% in 1991 to 33.4% in 1997 to 31.5% in 1999 (Eaton, 2005, p. 79). Drinking continues to be a problem among youth and needs to be targeted specifically.   This drinking problem has led to a number of problems such school absenteeism and failure, depression, risky behaviors (especially driving under the influence), addiction, and death. This brief discourse, shall tackle the issue of alcohol abuse in teenagers as well as the possible treatments that can be done.   It shall also provide an etiological perspective of the problem in order to show the different factors that affect teenage alcoholism. Working as a school counselor for this age group, I agree with the American Academy of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry’s Report (2007) which states that the following groups are most at risk for alcohol abuse: 1) teenagers with a family history of addiction, 2) teenagers suffering from depression, 3) teenagers suffering with low self-esteem, and 4) teenagers that have academic problems. It has been shown that from the following groups the teenagers with a history of alcohol have higher rates of alcohol addiction with over 42% of the sample size coming from that background. The next group is that of those who were drinking because they were upset with a rate of 40% while the rest admitted that they usually drink because of low self-esteem and peer pressure which accounts for 25% of the teenagers (Farrell, 2006, p.284).   The number of teenagers that drink due to academic problems has steadily been on the rise since 1998 and is now at a rate of 25% of the teenagers.   From the list, one could argue that most teenagers have been in one or more of its categories at one time in their lives. Etiological Approach: The article, Etiology of Alcoholism Reconsidered, is an insightful article that provides a biophysical analysis of the problem.   Alcohol related mishaps and accidents remain the largest concern of society and in response to this more and more sectors of society have been taking steps to understand the nature of the problem.   One such approach is the biophysical approach conducted by Vailliant and Milofsky on the Etiological Approach to Alcoholism. It is theorized in the study conducted by Vailliant and Milofsky that there are other factors that must be considered when studying the problem of alcoholism.   According to the authors, there are personality and childhood influences that must be examined in order to arrive at a better understanding of the problem. In the study conducted, Vailliant and Milofsky studied many different factors and collected different types of date including ethnicity, heredity, psychological instability, childhood and adult personality variables, and family background (Vailliant and Milofsky, 1982, p43).   The data that was collected from all of this was then used to quantify the variance of each of the different etiological factors. It was from the data analytic strategy that Vailliant and Milofsky were able to draw the conclusion that whenever there are correlations that exist between alcoholism and certain behavioral patterns or symptoms, it is usually alcoholism that is the cause of such behavior or symptom rather than it being the result (Vailliant and Milofsky, 1982, p483). Alcoholism is, according to the authors, not so much a disorder whose etiological causes are personality and behavior but rather, it is a precedent for such behaviors.   It was also noted from the study that â€Å"premorbid antisocial behavior† is a major contributor to the etiology of alcoholism. Another important finding in the article is the fact that while Vailliant and Milofsky greatly downplayed the role of child antisocial behavior, it played a significant role in most of the categories. As with the other etiological factors, it has been shown that there are correlations that have been overlooked or underrepresented in the study conducted by Vailliant and Milofsky.   As such, this has led to the theory of Zucker that in order for there to be an accurate etiological study, there must be a study that is conducted over â€Å"developmental time† and inclusive of â€Å"different levels of data† since it is only through this process that a proper understanding can be arrived at (Zucker 1986). There are, however, still certain researchers who argue that this study was not significant in that it failed to account for certain factors or relationships such as that of antisocial behavior and personality factors which was thought to be underestimated in the study.   This does not detract, however, that the study process used presented an angle that was quantifiable and perhaps accurate of the etiology of alcoholism.    How to cite A Study on the Effects and Treatment, Papers

Winogradsky Column Discription free essay sample

Winogradsky column description Introduction The experiment of Winogradsky column is to observe microbiology interaction of microbes using pond mud. The aim of this paper is to describe structural and chemical features in Winogradsky column and to show the acknowledgement of microbial cells in Winogradsky column. Materials of experiment Pond mud Calcium sulfate Calcium carbonate Shredded paper Pond water Cylinder Aluminum foil Methods 1. Prepare pond mud 2. Add calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate 3. Add piece of paper 4. Add pond water 5. Seal top of the column 6. Put beside window Process (sequence of the reaction)The less of oxygen makes oxygen enrichment at the top as well as anaerobic condition at the bottom (O2 gradient). Clostridium and other anaerobic bacteria dominate under anaerobic conditions at the bottom. Cellulose from the paper into glucose and that would be a trigger for the bacteria (Clostridium) to take in the glucose and partially break it down by fermentation to gain energy and to produce ethanol and organic acids as by-products. We will write a custom essay sample on Winogradsky Column Discription or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The by-products from Clostridium feed into other bacteria nearby in the deep mud of the column. Desulfovibrio bacteria use these organic molecules as carbon sources.At the interface of sulfide –containing mud and the more aerobic pond water, bacteria grow that can oxidize sulfur. An example is the filamentous bacterium Beggiatoa. In one metabolic strategy for survival, Beggiatoa uses H2S as an energy source and oxidizes it to sulphuric acid. The energy released by this process is used to fix carbon and produce organic molecules. (Perry, et al. ,  2002) In the pond water, aerobic photosynthetic microbes abound. These microbes include cyanobacteria and algae, which harvest light energy and release O2 as a by-product.With the energy from sunlight, the microbes fix CO2 and produce organic molecules. Algae and cyanobacteria appear quickly in the upper portion of the water column, where sunlight is abundant. By producing oxygen, these organisms help to keep this zone aerobic. This watery top layer contains an interesting diversity of microbes, green algae, cyanobacteria, various aerobic bacteria, fungi and protozoa. (Delia Castro Anderson and Rosalina V. Hairston 1999) The production of oxygen gas at the top of the column helps maintain the O2 gradient.Each layer of Winogradsky column supports certain types of bacteria, which come to dominate the culture in that region. From these enriched layers, organisms can be aerobic or anaerobic techniques. (Perry, et al. ,  2002) Layers of column (Up to bottom) Water layer (green to clear) Diatoms, cyanobacteria, algae Oxygen dominated mud (light brown) Aerobic sulfide oxidizing bacteria (Beggiatoa, thiobacillus thiothrix) Rust colored zone Photoheterotrophs (Rhodospirillum, Rhodopseudomonas) Purple/reddish zone Purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatium) Green zoneGreen sulfur bacteria (Chlorobium) Sulfate reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio) An aerobic zone Anaerobic bacteria (Chrostridium) (Delia Castro Anderson and Rosalina V. Hairston 1999) Discussion (related to the questions) In the experiment, we put calcium carbonate, calcium sulfite and shredded paper. Shredded paper contains cellulose whic h enables the bacteria (Clostridium) to break it down by fermentation to gain energy. Calcium sulfite was added to make H2S gradient. The bacteria Desulfobrio use sulfite as electron receptor. Low sulfur bacteria and high sulfur bacteria make layers.Calcium carbonate was used as carbon source by sulfur bacteria. These chemical materials eventually makes cycles of them. Typically, column contains O2, H2S, CO2, ethanol, organic acids, H2SO4 and possibly other chemical compounds that consist of carbonate, sulfite and the other in pond mud. We sealed top of column and that makes O2 gradient. Desulfovibrio gains energy using organic molecules which is made by Clostridium (anaerobic bacteria) and Desulfovibrio makes H2S, so concentration of H2S would be higher at the bottom. That means there is H2S gradient in column.The sulfides are then used by anaerobic photosynthetic populations such as green sulfur, Chlorobium, and purple sulfur, Chromatium bacteria. Evidence of this is seen as purple and green patches in areas throughout the column as these phototrophs respond to gradients of light and sulfide. In nature, purple and green sulfur bacteria may be found in any fresh or marine waters as long as there is a sufficient supply of hydrogen sulfide and the water is clear enough so that light penetrates to the anoxic (anaerobic) zone. (Delia Castro Anderson and Rosalina V.

Biology of Plants Making Food free essay sample

Photosynthesis is a biological process in which sunlight is used to prepare the nutrients for the plant with the help of the green pigment, i.e, chlorophyll. However, when the sun sets there is no way that the plant can prepare their meal. It now becomes a technology which mimics the photosynthesis the process is called artificial photosynthesis. Artificial photosynthesis is definitely worth exploring, it uses nano-sized light-sensitive materials will be converted to light energy, resulting in oxidoreductase reaction. In short, it is a useful technology that uses light energy to produce the same chemicals as in natural process. In natural way, the chlorophyll present in leaves absorbs sunlight; couple of enzymes and other proteins uses this light to split water molecules into hydrogen, electrons and oxygen (protons). Electrons and hydrogen are used to convert carbon dioxide into nutrients for the plant, and oxygen is transferred into the atmosphere.The energy from the sunlight converts into the chemical energy due to which it becomes more suitable for its storage. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology of Plants: Making Food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this conversion, side products are not yielded like the greenhouse gases. But, in the process carbon dioxide can be utilized in the same way as it does in plants.   For artificial photosynthesis, there are 2 main steps- the ability to collect solar energy, and the ability to split water molecules. Scientists first used a cobalt metal, phosphorus, and indium-tin-oxide electrode placed in water to create a new catalytic device that relies on current generated by external sources of energy (such as solar energy, wind energy, etc. ), A catalyst flowing through the electrode and consisting of cobalt and phosphoric acid, using the catalytic action of cobalt and phosphorus leads water to produce hydrogen and oxygen which are collected at both poles. the energy produced by the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen can be stored in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, enabling uninterrupted power supply both day and night. But splitting the water molecule is not so simple; it requires about two and a half electron volts of energy. Therefore, we need a catalyst that â€Å"pushes† the chemical reaction.The Artificial Leaf Project and MITs Artificial Photosynthesis Research are all devoted to solving the process of converting water to organic matter and releasing hydrogen and oxygen, creating a leaf that resembles the greenery of nature even more than it Optimized device to become a highly efficient solar energy conversion device. However, the research process is very difficult, but also very challenging. Researchers in this process have done many experiments, such as they have tried to use other raw materials as a catalyst, although it can catalyze the hydrolysis reaction, the effect is not as expected, only through so many experiments to add other Material, can we expect catalytic efficiency can be improved. In addition, from an environmental and practical point of view, the construction of billions of artificial plants can be far less feasible than sowing seeds for several well-chosen biofuels. On the other hand, these plants often require good soil, which deteriorates rapidly due to agricultural pressure. Biofuels have already been suspected of using land that could feed a growing population. Plus artificial photosynthesis is that you can see how these plants thrive in the desert or even in the ocean.

Pulot Essay Example

Pulot Paper I. Executive Summary1 II. Situation Analysis1 III. SWOT Analysis1 A. Strengths1 B. Weakness2 C. Opportunities2 D. Threat2 IV. Marketing Strategy2 A. Mission2 B. Market Segmentation3 C. Target Market5 D. Positioning5 E. Product Line5 F. Price6 G. Distribution Outlets6 H. Advertising and Promotion6 VI. Budget7 Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot7 VI. Implementation7 A. Complete the Marketing Plan8 B. Approving of the Plan8 C. Creating the proper layout design8 D. Create retail channels8 E. Advertise and Promote the Product8 F. Launching of the product8 G. Monitoring the performance9 VII. Controls9 I. Executive Summary II. Situation Analysis Eating sweets after meals are part of Filipino culture. Pulot is an Ilonggo heritage that was once popular but is now slowly forgotten. Pulot is made of muscovado sugar. The muscovado sugar or moist sugar is a dark brown and slightly coarser and stickier than most brown sugars and takes its flavor and color form its source, sugarcane juice. Muscovado sugar is liquefied to become the sweet dessert Pulot. The sweet amber dessert was packaged quaintly in a piece of slender bamboo covered with dry banana leaf. It is sold in affordable prices depending in the size of the container ranging from five pesos to twenty pesos. The basic market is not entirely aware of Pulot. Only those who have eaten in the restaurants like Breakthrough, and Tatoys’ are the one who knew this product. Pulot is only sold in Villa sold by local street vendors for restaurant customers as their dessert. III. SWOT Analysis A. Strengths Originality Pulot is a native product of Iloilo City, specifically in Villa, Arevalo. It is made from local products from ingredients to packaging. It could be infused with cassava, banana, kamote, ube and other native crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No expiration Pulot is mainly made from muscovado sugar that is caramelized with a proportionate amount of water. Sugar is an incredible preservatives working in jams and jellies which apparently does not expire. And with its packaging made of bamboo stalk, keeps pulot from moisture to solidify and helps it stay in syrup. B. Weakness Low product knowledge and exposure In today’s generation, there is a variety of desserts available in the market. Due to the existence of foreign products, we are forgetting the local delicacies that define our culture. The younger generations have little or even no knowledge of native delicacies; one of them is Pulot. C. Opportunities Market Expansion Expanding the market will increase its productivity and exposure. Since Pulot is sold only in Villa, it could be sold in restaurants, Pasalubong centers and malls located in the city. Cultural Heritage Patronizing the local products will help preserve the unique Ilonggo traditions. Also, it is a way of enhancing the market for tourists. Variety of Uses Pulot can be used in different ways. It can be a dessert after meals; toppings for pancakes and pastries; sandwich spread; and ingredients for some delicacies. It could also be complimented with bananas, camotes, ube and other native products. D. Threat Existence of well known desserts The existence of well known foreign and local sweets will post a great difficulty for pulot to enter the modern market. IV. Marketing Strategy A. Mission Special Pulot aims to revive a part of Ilonggo culture in terms of dessert. The native treat exist to satisfy your sweet tooth with a new and attractive packaging design Financial Objective * To increase the sales by 10% for the first year of production * To sustain a research and development budget Marketing Objective * To increase the product awareness to younger generations B. Market Segmentation The profile for the Special Pulot’s consumers consists of geographic, demographic, and behavior factors. Special Pulot has several target segment customers, the individual customers (families, students, foreigners and balikbayans), restaurants and malls. Individuals: Geographics * The initial target is Iloilo City with the population of 418,710. * The total targeted population is 167, 484. Demographics * Students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. * Age group of 15 to 60 years Have a family income of more than P 15,000 a month might be part of Class A, B and C segment of the market. Behavior Factors * Likes sweet foods and native products. * There is a value attributed to the more attractive packaging of the product. * Are very open to new ways of using the product. * Tend to patronize higher – quality restaurants, malls and pasalubong centers. * Conscious of their health. Restaurants (and their customers): Geographics * Iloilo City has a lot of restaurants that serve Filipino dishes mostly in Villa, Molo and Manduriao Districts. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. Tend to eat out at least once a week. * Tend to patronize Filipino restaurants. Behavior Factors * Are health conscious. * Enjoy a sweet dessert every after meal. Malls: Geographics * The initial target malls are SM City in Manduriao and Robinsons’ Place in the city proper. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. * Tends to go to the malls as a leisure activity. Behavior Factors * Loves to eat while roaming around the mall. * Into nutritious and native foods. C. Target Market Based on the market segmentation, the target market are the students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. Individuals These individuals are composed of households in Iloilo City with a monthly family income of P10, 000 pesos. These are health conscious consumers that preferred the Special Pulot as condiment instead of refined sugar that contain chemical additives. Restaurants These are the restaurants in Iloilo City that serves Filipino dishes in their menu. Special Pulot will be served to the customers that want a native and nutritious treat for dessert after eating their meals. Malls Loaded Special Pulot will target the two major malls in Iloilo City, SM City and Robinson’s Place. The prospect customers will be the mall goers that love to eat sweet native delicacy. D. Positioning Special Pulot will position itself as a best choice delicacy in Iloilo. It will symbolize the love of Ilonggo people for sweet native food. This positioning will be achieved by expanding its target market, intensive knowledge dissemination regarding the product and establishing a unique product that will be put up in stalls at major malls and schools. The said unique product is a Special Pulot with native crop toppings such as banana, ube, kamote, roasted peanut and pinipig. Special Pulot will be sold on restaurant and Pasalubong Centers with a better packaging. E. Product Line There are three types of products that to be distributed to the market: 1) The Special Pulot that is sold in restaurants and Pasalubong Centers will be served with classy native packaging. The packing is a bamboo tube with ethnical carvings on the outside and has a product logo. The packaging will also have a list of nutritional value that a consumer could get in the product. The packaging has other purpose aside from containing Special Pulot. It could be a pencil holder or a flower vase. ) The Loaded Special Pulot that will be sold in stalls at malls will be served as a snack for mall goers with native crop toppings. The native crop toppings are boiled banana, ube, kamote, cassava, roasted peanuts and piniping. It will be served in paper bowls. 3) Another is the Special Pulot that is packed in glass jars to be sold in grocery stores and local dry markets to be consumed by local h ouseholds. This Special Pulot will be a good substitute for refined sugar and other sweeteners. Special Pulot is 100% made of Muscovado sugar that contains essential minerals like potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron. Also, it only contains calories, thus, making it a good alternative to figure conscious consumers. This could be infuse in coffees or spread in bread. F. Price The price will be based on a per product price. For product 1, it will be sold in prices ranges from P20 to P50 pesos depending on the size of the container. For product 2, the prices will vary from P20 to P50 depending on the size of the container and an additional P5 for extra toppings. Then the Special Pulot that is packed in jars will have a price range of P30 to P60 pesos per product depending the size of the jars. G. Distribution Outlets The distribution outlets will be: * Restaurants * Pasalubong Centers and Grocery Stores * Malls H. Advertising and Promotion The product will be promoted through an advertising campaign that supports its positioning strategies and through participating in greater extent on dealer trade shows. The advertising campaign will be posters and flyers that have information about the product and will be put at the distribution outlets. The said posters will be posted on restaurants and pasalubong centers that sell Special Pulot and flyers will be distributed during trade shows in malls or events that sponsored by the company. VI. Budget Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot One-year Plan Legal expense*-P10,000. 00 Layout Design**-10,000. 00 Promotional Materials Posters-P9,000. 00 Flyers-4,000. 00 Total promotional materials expense13,000. 00 Communication and Transportation Expense20,000. 00 Labor Workers*** 17,000. 0 Product Control**** 10,000. 00 Contingency Fund 10,000. 00 TOTAL BUDGET FOR THE YEAR P90,000. 00 *Expenses for the processing of legal paper works for the project **Expenses for creating the design of the product’s packaging and for the employment of the layout artist ***Allocated for the salary of workers who will be promoting the product of different sites ****This is for the monitoring of the product. Workers will conduct a survey to measure the performance of the project. Schedule for monitoring the product is contained in part seven of the marketing plan, controls. VI. Implementation These are the following steps that company has to accomplish on time and within the budget: A. Complete the Marketing Plan The marketing plan for the product has to be completed and revised B. Approving of the Plan Once the plan had been finalized, it will be presented to the owner/ supplier of the product. Collaborating with the owners on their opinions and comments regarding the matter will be done. After clarifications and finalization of the actions to be taken, the operation will begin. C. Creating the proper layout design After the plan has been approved, the group will be hiring a layout artist to design the packaging of the product, with proper coordination with the operations department of the supplier, and the design for the promotional materials for the product. D. Create retail channels Contacting pasalubong centers and local restaurants as site of selling the product will then take place. Locating the proper area for setting up of stalls in malls will also be done. After pinpointing the appropriate site, construction of the stalls will take place. E. Advertise and Promote the Product Once the promotional materials had been finalized and printed, it will be placed on different areas in Iloilo city. F. Launching of the product The official wide scale launching of the product and simultaneously, advertising of the product. G. Monitoring the performance The workers will be regularly monitoring regarding the awareness of the customers regarding the product, revenue and expenses. VII. Controls The following areas will be monitored to measure performance:

The Core Characteristics of Social Psychology

The Core Characteristics of Social Psychology Introduction: What is social psychology? Social psychology is a scientific discipline in which social scientists attempt to look at the influence of other people on an individual’s feelings, behavior, and thoughts. In most cases, the presence of other people in an individual’s surrounding is taken to be actual, implied, or imagined (Fiske, 2010, p. 4; Sanderson, 2010, p. 4).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Core Characteristics of Social Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In essence, social psychology revolves around the study of social influence, which is the impact of other human beings on others, and thus people tend to do what others (in their immediate environment) are doing at a given period in time. As a result, the human being(s) that influence one or more persons in the social set-up constitute a social situation. Therefore, social situations can be anything from one person (bystander) to a group of people (students in a classroom). This paper seeks to analyze the core characteristics of social psychology before looking at the concept of situationism and its relevance to social psychology. Finally, the paper will look at the core social motives and their significance to the field of social psychology. The core characteristics of social psychology There are four core features of social psychology including broad scope, cultural mandate, scientific methods, and search for wisdom (Fiske, 2010, pp. 29-34). As noted in the foregoing discussions, the fact that social psychology entails the study of the social influence makes it have a broad scope in many aspects. Here, it is important to note that social influence exists because people are always motivated to exist and/or comply with different social situations. For instance, social influence is the driving force behind fashion dynamics, career choices, politics, and sports among other human activities or b ehaviors. Therefore, since social psychology aims at looking into each of these social activities relative to the conduct of the human beings involved, its scope is not limited to only a few items. As a result, for one to adequately cover the topic of social influence there is the need to break it down into manageable subcategories, which will then form the basis of scientific experiments and other investigations. On the other hand, social psychology is culturally mandated in that its evolution/development is pegged on cultural changes, which in turn implies that people will devise different social motives in order to survive in the ever-changing/diverse cultures in the contemporary societies.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, in the recent past, if one wanted to predict the behavior of another person, and in turn explain why the latter acted in whichev er way, the explanation will be based on religion or tradition. However, with emergence of social sciences, human behavior can be examined and elaborated on the basis of scientific methods, theories, and hypotheses. Simply put, social psychology and other social sciences provide various scientific explanations, which underpin social behavior and cultures in the contemporary society (Fiske, 2010, p. 33). Further, scientific methods form the integral part of social psychology in that they aid the development of theories and their validation in order to provide the scientific understanding of human behavior. Moreover, the knowledge base informing social psychology is based on various aspects of the scientific methods including techniques, methodologies, analyses, and standards. Finally, scientific methods supply the research strategies needed in social psychology. For instance, it is common practice for social psychologists to carry out experimental and observational research studies w hile observing some stipulated procedures and standards before making final statements about the influence of people on others (Fiske, 2010). Accordingly, the goals and objectives of any research survey under the field of social psychology are based on the need to search for wisdom. Here, since social psychology intends to tackle practical social issues, it is obvious that the scientific knowledge put forth is meant to build on existing knowledge and making the whole society knowledgeable. Most importantly, the practical implications of the knowledge gathered from scientific investigations form the key goal of almost all social psychology experiments. Hence, it is widely believed that if people are made to understand how and why people influence others, perhaps the negative implications of social influence will be ameliorated at some point. Overall, the scientific knowledge obtained in social psychology fits into the much needed wisdom in the world today (Fiske, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Core Characteristics of Social Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Situationism The concept of situationism underlies the scientific relevance of the social context in investigating social influence. Unlike the belief that social behavior is occasioned by individual personality, Fiske (2010, p. 7) posits that social behavior is a product of people’s immediate surroundings (social context). Therefore, experiments conducted by Lewin and his students have shown that the impact of situations on social behaviors surpasses individual personalities. In most cases, situations tend to be democratic in that social situations will always influence all the people involved irrespective of their personalities. Therefore, social situations can be used to predict social behaviors. Unlike ordinary people, social psychologists find situations to be more important than personalities in in vestigating people’s behavior because of various reasons. First, ordinary people tend to over-rely on personalities more than situations in explaining human behaviors. Secondly, it is widely accepted that the study of personality is a complex topic that should be studied as a single entity. Moreover, personality theorists tend to disagree on the methods of measuring personality. Thirdly, the personality-based explanation of human behavior is deficient in terms of measuring/predicting specific behaviors in a random situation. Sometimes, situations and personalities taken together have been found to be more accurate in predicting specific behaviors. Therefore, as scientists, social psychologists find it more appropriate to engage the concept of situationism in explaining and predicting behavior because it is a concept that is usually underestimated in most studies (Fiske, 2010, p. 10). Core social motives As noted earlier, for people to survive in a given group, there is the ne ed to devise ways (social motives) that fit into the existing social situation. Therefore, social motives are the fundamental psychological processes, which inform people’s behaviors, feelings, and thoughts in the presence of other people. According to Fiske (2010), the major social motives are trusting, understanding, belonging, controlling, and self-enhancing. These motives are the product of the interaction between personality and situations unlike other personality predispositions, which predict consistent behaviors irrespective of the underlying situations. Therefore, each of these core motives is important to social psychology because they inform different psychological analyses.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Here, studies have shown that a motive is the driving force behind the behavioral characteristics of a person existing in a given situation (life space). Furthermore, certain defining characteristics of a situation serve to facilitate or hinder the behavioral changes in a person (Fiske, 2010, p. 15). Accordingly, the situational characteristics acquire either negative or positive values (Valence) depending on an individual’s perception of the situation. Therefore, there is evidence to suggest that the social motives underlie situationism, which as earlier stated, is an important concept in social psychology. Moreover, social psychologists agree that a person’s motives characterize a psychological situation relative to that individual’s interpretations, and thus form the basis of situationism. Accordingly, social motives are important in explaining, describing, and unifying various seemingly independent lines of psychological research in that they inform specific theories and research methodologies in social psychology (Fiske, 2010). However, despite that the motives have not been adopted into research as a framework, there seems to be widespread acceptance of the five motives by both social and personality psychologists. As a result, there is the need to devise ways of incorporating these motives as a framework in future studies involving human behavior and social influence. References Fiske, S.T. (2010). Social beings: Core motives in social psychology (2nd ed.). River Street, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Web. Sanderson, C.A. (2010). Social psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Web.